To compile the data set, Auriol\u2019s team created an algorithm that scraped details including gender and job title for 96,044 employees from the websites of 1,383 economics research institutions. The team then sorted these positions into a hierarchy to account for differences in position title between regions: full and associate professors were classed as senior-level positions, assistant professors and lecturers as entry-level positions, and PhD students as research associates.<\/p>\n
In this data set, women occupied only 32% of all economics positions, with their representation declining from research associates and entry-level positions (40%) to senior levels (27%).<\/p>\n
\u201cIt\u2019s very striking to me that these patterns that we see of a leaky pipeline are really prevalent across the globe,\u201d says Anusha Chari, an economist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.<\/p>\n
Revealing global disparities<\/strong><\/p>\n In their main analysis, the researchers limited the data to the top 300 institutions by research output, most of which were in Europe and North America. For these institutions, they found that Australia and New Zealand had the highest percentage of women in the field, at 35%. Europe had 32% and North America 26%; the rest of the world had 34% (see \u2018Global gender imbalance\u2019).<\/p>\n Source: Ref. 1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n US research institutions had lower proportions of women at every rank than European institutions, and the difference was most marked at the senior level. The team compared regions in Europe and the United States, and found that women occupied more than 50% of senior positions at Romanian institutions, but only around 20% in Greece, Germany and the Netherlands. In the United States, the lowest proportions of economists who are women were in the West, and the highest in the South.<\/p>\n Their analysis also showed that institutions ranked highly in terms of research output have fewer women in entry-level positions than do lower-ranking institutions, suggesting that women are not being hired at the same rate as men for those roles. This was particularly striking in the United States. \u201cIt\u2019s not proof, but we believe that \u2014 in light of all the literature that comes before us \u2014 surely there\u2019s some discrimination going on,\u201d Auriol says.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Minding the gap<\/strong><\/p>\n Previous research has found that the work culture in economics can be aggressive and hostile towards women, exacerbated by factors such as discrimination,\u00a0inappropriate behaviour<\/a>, elevated criticism, skewed tactics for hiring and promotion, and stereotyping \u2014 all of which could contribute to the gender gap2<\/a>\u20134<\/a>. Still, \u201cit would be naive to think any one of them is the smoking gun\u201d, says Vida Maralani, who studies quantitative sociology and social inequities at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.<\/p>\n Auriol and her team highlight the consequences of the gender imbalance in economics, including fewer suitable employees for institutions to hire, and a lack of role models for women entering the field. Furthermore, women are more likely than men to research topics such as health and education, so future studies could be \u201ctilted towards the topics that are favoured by men, which are not necessarily the ones that matter most for society\u201d, Auriol says.<\/p>\n Solving this systemic problem will require shifts in culture, practices and policy, says Chari. She says economists must first accept and recognize the bias in the field. Increasing mentorship and networks for women will also give them the tools to better navigate the profession. \u201cI think we need to study the problem and to document it so that it is very hard for people to deny it \u2014 to pretend it doesn\u2019t exist,\u201d Auriol says.<\/p>\n doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-022-00986-8<\/p>\n References<\/p>\n<\/div>\n Link<\/strong>:\u00a0https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-00986-8<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" They occupy fewer top positions at leading economics institutions than men, and are more likely<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[136,138,134,140,142,144],"class_list":["post-414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-studies","tag-economics","tag-globally","tag-women","tag--en"],"featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_.png",898,454,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_-300x152.png",300,152,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_-768x388.png",640,323,true],"large":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_.png",640,324,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_.png",898,454,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_.png",898,454,false],"chromenews-featured":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_.png",898,454,false],"chromenews-large":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_-825x454.png",825,454,true],"chromenews-medium":["https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Cover_selection_-590x410.png",590,410,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"PhD. Amr Ali","author_link":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/author\/admin"},"category_info":"Studies<\/a>","tag_info":"Studies","comment_count":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=414"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":415,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414\/revisions\/415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"GLOBAL](\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/lw800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-022-00986-8\/d41586-022-00986-8_20300332.jpg\")
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