{"id":408,"date":"2022-05-27T12:12:29","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T12:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecrs.etseg.com\/?p=408"},"modified":"2022-05-23T12:16:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T12:16:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%ab%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecrs.bsm-1.com\/?p=408","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"inner-body-desc\">\n<p><span><span class=\"\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d .6 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 Drumetz and Pfister (2021a) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (Drumetz and Pfister \u060c 2021b) \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 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\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648 MMT.\u00a0\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1) \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645.\u00a0\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><b><span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<span>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister MMT \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 MMT \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/h5>\n<table class=\"Table\" width=\"1080\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>Drumetz \u0648 Pfister MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 MMT<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>1<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>2<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>5<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>6<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0627\u0645 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>7<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>8<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>9<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>10<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>11<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>12<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>13<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>14<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"story-table-figure-text-beneath\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Drumetz and Pfister (2021a) \u061b\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u060c \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u060c \u062b\u0645 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\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f (McLeay et al. \u060c 2014).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629).\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Ehnts (2016 \u060c 119) .13 \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Zentralkonto des Bundes) \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631 .\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (Bundesbank) \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629.\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b><span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2<\/span><\/b><br \/>\n<span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h5>\n<table class=\"Table\" width=\"1080\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>Bundesbank \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><span>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8211; 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span><span class=\"\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8211; 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0628\u0646\u0643<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span>\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u064e\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span>\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"story-table-figure-text-beneath\"><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Ehnts (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0645\u0646 Revenir \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629) \u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 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src=\"https:\/\/www.intereconomics.eu\/files\/journal-issues\/intereconomics\/10.1007\/s10272-022-1041-x\/Ehnts-abb-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span><span class=\"\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629.\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (Nersisyan and Wray \u060c 2019)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Drumetz \u0648 Pfister (2021a \u060c 2021b) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 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\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627).\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649&#8221;) \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 MMT \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Drumetz \u0648 Pfister \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (Bundesbank) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u00a0\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644 PEPP \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 Ehnts \u0648 Paetz (2021).\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>* \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 Drumetz and Pfister (2021a \u060c 2021b).\u00a0\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.\u00a0\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Ehnts (2022).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>1 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 Sheard (2013).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 2 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 https:\/\/twitter.com\/stlouisfed\/status\/1447612987196456972.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 3JEL E12 \u0648 B52 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 Modern Monetary Theory \u0648 Mitchell et al.\u00a0(2019) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f Kelton (2020) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u00b7 4https: \/\/www.igmchicago.org\/surveys\/modern-monetary-theory\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u0648 midd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"share-list\">\n<div class=\"share-list-menu\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0645\u0646 Intereconomics \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632 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